The Messier Catalogue is a famous catalogue in Astronomy. It consists of 110 deep sky objects, including open and globular star clusters, galaxies, nebulae, an asterism, a double star and even a supernova remnant. It was compiled in the 18th century by Charles Messier.
Messier was a comet hunter who was born in Badonviller, France on June 26, 1730. When searching for comets he was frustrated by fixed objects that looked like comets in the night sky but actually weren't. These fuzzy "comet" like objects hindered his searches so he catalogued them in order to avoid them in future.
The first version of his catalogue contained 45 objects and was published in 1774 in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. Over the next 7 years he updated the catalogue and published the final version in 1781, containing 103 objects. Many of these objects he actually discovered himself.
On several different occasions between 1921 and 1966, astronomers and historians discovered evidence of another 7 deep-sky objects that were observed either by Messier or his friend and assistant, Pierre Mechain, shortly after the final version was published. These objects, numbered M104 to M110, are now accepted by astronomers as "official" Messier objects.
The Messier catalogue is still used by professional and amateur astronomers today:
Messier Object | Name / Type | Constellation | Chart |
---|---|---|---|
M1 | Crab Nebula (Supernova Remnant) | Taurus | M1_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M2 | Globular Cluster | Aquarius | M2_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M3 | Globular Cluster | Canes Venatici | M3_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M4 | Globular Cluster | Scorpius | M4_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M5 | Globular Cluster | Serpens Caput | M5_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M6 | Butterfly Cluster (Open Cluster) | Scorpius | M6_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M7 | The Ptolemy Cluster (Open Cluster) | Scorpius | M7_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M8 | Lagoon Nebula (Emission Nebula) | Sagittarius | M8_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M9 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M9_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M10 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M10_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M11 | Wild Duck Cluster (Open Cluster) | Scutum | M11_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M12 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M12_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M13 | Great Hercules Globular Cluster | Hercules | M13_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M14 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M14_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M15 | Globular Cluster | Pegasus | M15_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M16 | Emission Nebula with Open Cluster | Serpens | M16_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M17 | Emission Nebula with Open Cluster | Sagittarius | M17_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M18 | Open Cluster | Sagittarius | M18_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M19 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M19_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M20 | Trifid Nebula (Nebula) | Sagittarius | M20_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M21 | Open Cluster | Sagittarius | M21_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M22 | Sagittarius Cluster (Globular Cluster) | Sagittarius | M22_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M23 | Open Cluster | Sagittarius | M23_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M24 | Small Sagittarius Star Cloud | Sagittarius | M24_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M25 | Open Cluster | Sagittarius | M25_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M26 | Open Cluster | Scutum | M26_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M27 | Dumbbell Nebula (Planetary Nebula) | Vulpecula | M27_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M28 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M28_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M29 | Open Cluster | Cygnus | M29_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M30 | Globular Cluster | Capricornus | M30_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M31 | Andromeda Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Andromeda | M31_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M32 | Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy | Andromeda | M32_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M33 | Triangulum Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Triangulum | M33_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M34 | Open Cluster | Perseus | M34_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M35 | Open Cluster | Gemini | M35_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M36 | Open Cluster | Auriga | M36_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M37 | Open Cluster | Auriga | M37_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M38 | Open Cluster | Auriga | M38_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M39 | Open Cluster | Cygnus | M39_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M40 | Double Star | Ursa Major | M40_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M41 | Open Cluster | Canis Major | M41_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M42 | The Great Orion Nebula (Nebula) | Orion | M42_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M43 | De Mairan's Nebula (Nebula) | Orion | M43_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M44 | The Praesepe (Open Cluster) | Cancer | M44_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M45 | Pleiades (Open Cluster) | Taurus | M45_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M46 | Open Cluster | Puppis | M46_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M47 | Open Cluster | Puppis | M47_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M48 | Open Cluster | Hydra | M48_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M49 | Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M49_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M50 | Open Cluster | Monoceros | M50_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M51 | The Whirlpool Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Canes Venatici | M51_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M52 | Open Cluster | Cassiopeia | M52_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M53 | Globular Cluster | Coma Berenices | M53_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M54 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M54_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M55 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M55_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M56 | Globular Cluster | Lyra | M56_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M57 | Ring Nebula (Planetary Nebula) | Lyra | M57_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M58 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Virgo | M58_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M59 | Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M59_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M60 | Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M60_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M61 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Virgo | M61_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M62 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M62_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M63 | The Sunflower Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Canes Venatici | M63_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M64 | Black Eye Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Coma Berenices | M64_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M65 | Spiral Galaxy | Leo | M65_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M66 | Intermediate Spiral Galaxy | Leo | M66_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M67 | Open Cluster | Cancer | M67_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M68 | Globular Cluster | Hydra | M68_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M69 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M69_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M70 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M70_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M71 | Globular Cluster | Sagitta | M71_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M72 | Globular Cluster | Aquarius | M72_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M73 | Asterism | Aquarius | M73_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M74 | Spiral Galaxy | Pisces | M74_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M75 | Globular Cluster | Sagittarius | M75_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M76 | Little Dumbbell Nebula (Planetary Nebula) | Perseus | M76_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M77 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Cetus | M77_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M78 | Reflection Nebula | Orion | M78_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M79 | Globular Cluster | Lepus | M79_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M80 | Globular Cluster | Scorpius | M80_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M81 | Bode's Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Ursa Major | M81_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M82 | Cigar Galaxy (Starburst Galaxy) | Ursa Major | M82_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M83 | Southern Pinwheel Galaxy (Barred Spiral Galaxy) | Hydra | M83_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M84 | Lenticular Galaxy or Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M84_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M85 | Lenticular Galaxy or Elliptical Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M85_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M86 | Lenticular Galaxy or Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M86_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M87 | Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M87_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M88 | Spiral Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M88_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M89 | Elliptical Galaxy | Virgo | M89_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M90 | Spiral Galaxy | Virgo | M90_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M91 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M91_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M92 | Globular Cluster | Hercules | M92_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M93 | Open Cluster | Puppis | M93_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M94 | Cats Eye Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Canes Venatici | M94_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M95 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Leo | M95_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M96 | Intermediate Spiral Galaxy | Leo | M96_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M97 | Owl Nebula (Planetary Nebula) | Ursa Major | M97_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M98 | Spiral Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M98_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M99 | Spiral Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M99_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M100 | Spiral Galaxy | Coma Berenices | M100_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M101 | Pinwheel Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Ursa Major | M101_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M102 | Lenticular Galaxy | Draco | M102_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M103 | Open Cluster | Cassiopeia | M103_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M104 | Sombrero Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | Virgo | M104_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M105 | Elliptical Galaxy | Leo | M105_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M106 | Spiral Galaxy | Canes Venatici | M106_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M107 | Globular Cluster | Ophiuchus | M107_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M108 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Ursa Major | M108_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M109 | Barred Spiral Galaxy | Ursa Major | M109_Finder_Chart.pdf |
M110 | Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy | Andromeda | M110_Finder_Chart.pdf |