Mercury

Mercury reached greatest elongation east during the last week of May and remains visible at the start of June as an early evening object, low down above the northwestern horizon just after sunset. However, shining at only magnitude +1.4 and fading it's not long before the planet is lost to the bright twilight glare.

Mercury then passes through inferior conjunction on June 19th and hence is unsuitably placed for observation for the remainder of the month, except for southern hemisphere and tropical observers who may be able to catch a glimpse of Mercury low down above the northeastern horizon just before sunrise at months end.

On June 15th, Mercury reaches aphelion when it's located 0.467 AU (approx. 69.9 million kilometres or 43.4 million miles) from the Sun.

Venus

Venus remains an early morning beacon of light throughout June. Although now reduced in brightness to magnitude -4.0, it's still brighter than all the other planets and unmistakable due to its brilliance.

From the Northern Hemisphere, Venus is visible for an hour so before sunrise although the visibility period does increase slightly each subsequent morning. Observers further south enjoy more than 3 hours of visibility before dawn at the beginning of June, although that figure decreases to 2 hours by months end.

The thin waning crescent Moon passes 1.3 degrees south of Venus on June 24th.

Mars

Mars is visible as soon it's dark enough amongst the stars of Virgo. The planet is now moving direct but fades in brightness from magnitude -0.5 to +0.0 and shrinks in apparent diameter from 11.8 to 9.5 arc seconds during June. This is still large enough for telescope observers to make out a good amount of surface detail, but its apparent diameter is fast decreasing. By the end of June, Mars sets around midnight for northern temperate latitudes and about one hour later from Southern Hemisphere locations.

A nice evening pairing occurs on June 8th when the waxing gibbous Moon passes 2 degrees south of Mars.

Mars during June 2014 - pdf format

Jupiter

Jupiter, mag -1.8, is moving direct in Gemini just south of the constellation two brightest stars, Castor (α Gem - mag. +1.6) and Pollux (β Gem - mag. + 1.1). The long evening period of visibility of the giant planet is now slowly coming to an end as it heads towards solar conjunction next month. At the beginning of June, Jupiter is visible above the northwestern horizon for nearly 3 hours after sunset but by months end this is reduced to an hour.

On June 1st and 29th, the thin waxing crescent Moon passes 5.5 degrees south of Jupiter.

Saturn

The lovely ringed planet Saturn is now just passed opposition (May 10th) and visible after sunset towards the south-southeast from northern temperate latitudes or towards the east from southern temperate latitudes. Saturn then remains observable for most of the remainder of the night, with the planet situated higher in the sky from more southerly locations.

Saturn continues it's retrograde motion through the faint constellation of Libra, near to wonderful double star Zubenelgenubi (α Lib - mag. +2.75). The two brightest components of this multiple star system are easily separated with binoculars or small telescopes, revealing a beautiful yellow primary star alongside a fainter white coloured secondary component. Both Saturn and Zubenelgenubi are visible in the same binocular field of view.

Saturn's apparent brightness and size are now gradually decreasing as its distance from Earth increases. Consequently, Saturn's magnitude fades from +0.2 to +0.4 during June with its apparent diameter shrinking very slightly from 18.5 to 18.0 arc seconds.

Saturn's wonder of course is its ring system. They are currently wide open and tilted at 21 degrees from our perspective. A small 80mm (3.1-inch) telescope will easily show them. A larger telescope with its increased light gathering capability will display a wealth of detail. For example, a 200mm (8-inch) scope under good seeing conditions can be used to up to 400x magnification and reveals the 0.7 arc seconds wide Cassini division, the Enke division, the hazy C-ring as well as up to half a dozen of Saturn's satellites.

On June 10th, the waxing gibbous Moon passes 0.6 degrees south of Saturn with an occultation visible from southern South Africa or Antarctica.

Saturn during June 2014 - pdf format

Uranus

Uranus is a morning object in Pisces. The planets visibility continues to steadily improve as the month progresses. The distant ice giant shines at magnitude +5.9 and therefore visible to the naked eye from a dark site. Most people don't have the luxury of such fine seeing conditions and therefore a pair of binoculars will be required to spot Uranus.

For northern hemisphere based observers at the start of June, Uranus rises in the east about 2 hours before sunrise. By months end the planet is much higher in the sky, rising more than 4 hours before the Sun. Southern hemisphere observers have it even better with Uranus well placed in the morning sky throughout June. At the start of June, the planet rises 4 hours before the Sun and by the end of the month it's visible from around midnight.

On June 21st, the waning crescent Moon passes 2 degrees north of Uranus.

Uranus during June 2014 - pdf format

Neptune

Neptune (mag. +7.9) is well placed for observation amongst the stars of Aquarius. The planet rises around midnight from northern temperate latitudes and up to a couple of hours earlier for those located further south. Neptune is currently located about 30 degrees southwest of the Great Square of Pegasus and just a few degrees northeast of star sigma (σ) Aqr (mag. +4.8).

On June 10th Neptune reaches its first stationary point, which signals the beginning of this year's opposition period. The planet then commences retrograde motion with the last quarter Moon passing 5 degrees north of Neptune on June 18th.

Neptune during June 2014 - pdf format

Solar System Data Table June 2014

	Date	Right Ascension	Declination	Apparent Magnitude	Apparent Size	Illum. (%)	Distance from Earth (AU)	Constellation
Sun	5th Jun 2014	04h 50m 55.8s	22d 29m 17.5s	-26.7	31.5'	100	1.015	Taurus
Sun	15th Jun 2014	05h 32m 18.2s	23d 17m 05.6s	-26.7	31.5'	100	1.016	Taurus
Sun	25th Jun 2014	06h 13m 53.5s	23d 23m 56.1s	-26.7	31.5'	100	1.016	Gemini
Mercury	5th Jun 2014	06h 11m 55.2s	23d 33m 06.8s	1.9	10.4"	15	0.649	Gemini
Mercury	15th Jun 2014	06h 04m 28.3s	20d 49m 44.0s	4.2	12.0"	02	0.561	Orion
Mercury	25th Jun 2014	05h 41m 58.4s	18d 52m 00.0s	4.0	11.7"	03	0.576	Taurus
Venus	5th Jun 2014	02h 24m 51.2s	12d 15m 12.0s	-3.9	13.6"	78	1.231	Aries
Venus	15th Jun 2014	03h 11m 05.2s	15d 51m 44.5s	-3.9	12.9"	81	1.296	Aries
Venus	25th Jun 2014	03h 59m 08.9s	18d 53m 41.2s	-3.9	12.3"	84	1.357	Taurus
Mars	5th Jun 2014	12h 38m 24.2s	-03d 54m 17.3s	-0.4	11.4"	91	0.819	Virgo
Mars	15th Jun 2014	12h 46m 35.4s	-05d 05m 51.1s	-0.2	10.6"	89	0.883	Virgo
Mars	25th Jun 2014	12h 58m 00.6s	-06d 34m 18.9s	-0.1	09.9"	88	0.948	Virgo
Jupiter	5th Jun 2014	07h 30m 52.0s	22d 08m 07.2s	-1.9	32.7"	100	6.025	Gemini
Jupiter	15th Jun 2014	07h 39m 32.6s	21d 49m 08.1s	-1.8	32.2"	100	6.114	Gemini
Jupiter	25th Jun 2014	07h 48m 30.2s	21d 27m 41.3s	-1.8	31.9"	100	6.185	Gemini
Saturn	5th Jun 2014	15h 05m 01.2s	-14d 50m 58.4s	0.2	18.5"	100	8.993	Libra
Saturn	15th Jun 2014	15h 02m 40.3s	-14d 42m 59.3s	0.2	18.3"	100	9.079	Libra
Saturn	25th Jun 2014	15h 00m 47.1s	-14d 37m 12.0s	0.3	18.1"	100	9.188	Libra
Uranus	5th Jun 2014	00h 57m 53.4s	05d 28m 12.3s	5.9	03.4"	100	20.532	Pisces
Uranus	15th Jun 2014	00h 59m 05.3s	05d 35m 23.9s	5.9	03.5"	100	20.382	Pisces
Uranus	25th Jun 2014	01h 00m 01.6s	05d 40m 56.7s	5.9	03.5"	100	20.223	Pisces
Neptune	5th Jun 2014	22h 37m 24.7s	-09d 27m 40.7s	7.9	02.3"	100	29.840	Aquarius
Neptune	15th Jun 2014	22h 37m 24.7s	-09d 28m 02.6s	7.9	02.3"	100	29.674	Aquarius
Neptune	25th Jun 2014	22h 37m 12.7s	-09d 29m 35.4s	7.9	02.3"	100	29.517	Aquarius